While often perceived as a cheaper traffic method, Tier 2 traffic – specifically popunders and push notifications – presents a unique opportunity for advertisers. Popunders appear behind a user’s main browser screen, and push notifications interrupt the browsing flow with promotions. Grasping the

The pervasive nature of ad fraud poses a significant challenge to the digital advertising industry. This comparative analysis examines the diverse strategies employed by fraudsters and reveals their effects on advertisers, publishers, and consumers. By evaluating various fraudulent practices acro